Metal concentrations in recent ash fall of Popocatepetl volcano 2016, Central Mexico: Is human health at risk?

The present study addresses the metal concentration pattern and associated human health risks in ash samples of Popocatepetl volcano. In this regard, 12 ash samples from different regions of Puebla City were collected and analyzed for 28 major and trace metals, out of which exclusively 8 metals of potential risk (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb & Zn) were selected for human health risk validation. The metal concentration pattern showed an enriching trend for ferromagnesium and carbonate elements compared to previous ash eruptions. Enrichment factor and geoaccumulation indices displayed a least significant enhancement of metals from baseline concentrations. More likely, the potential ecological risk index suggested no harmful biological effects due to the presence of these metals in ash. Concurrently, in the human health risk assessment model, the hazard quotient and hazard index values < 1 indicated safe levels and no carcinogenic effects. All-inclusive, this study highlights the context of metals in ash fall of Popocatepetl which presents no adverse effects over the human population.

Efectos genotóxicos de las resinas en odontología: Revisión de literatura / Genotoxic effect of composites resins in dentistry: A review

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica disponible acerca de la genotoxicidad causada por los monómeros dentales liberados de las resinas compuestas. Materiales y métodos: Se lleva a cabo una búsqueda electrónica exhaustiva de estudios relacionados con la genotoxicidad de las resinas compuestas o los monómeros dentales utilizando las bases de datos Pubmed, OvidSP, EbscoHost, SciVerse y SpringerLink. Se revisaron un total de 115 artículos y se seleccionaron 36 entre estudios clínicos controlados, estudios en animales y pruebas in vitro. Conclusiones: La exposición a los monómeros residuales liberados por las resinas compuestas, causa gran preocupación por los estudios que advierten su potencial genotóxico. El principal mecanismo es atribuido al estrés oxidativo que se genera por aumento de las concentraciones de radicales libres y disminución de los niveles de glutatión, agente responsable del balance redox en la célula. Estas alteraciones conllevan a la activación de varias vías de apoptosis celular y retrasos en las fases G1 y G2 del ciclo celular (AU)

Objective: To examine the available scientific evidence about the genotoxicity caused by monomers released from dental composite resins. Materials and methods: We carried out a comprehensive electronic search of studies related to the genotoxicity of composite resins or dental monomers using the databases PubMed, OvidSP, EBSCOhost, and SciVerseSpringerLink. We reviewed a total of 115 articles and 36 were selected from controlled clinical studies, animal studies and in vitro tests. Conclusions: Exposure to residual monomers released from composites, causes great concern about studies that warn their genotoxic potential. The main mechanism is attributed to oxidative stress is generated by increasing concentrations of free radicals and decreased levels of Glutathione redox agent responsible for the cell balance. These changes lead to the activation of multiple pathways of apoptosis and delays in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle (AU)

[Usefulness of the pre-excitation index to determine the mechanism of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia and the location of the anomalous pathway]. / Utilidad del índice de preexcitación para determinar el mecanismo de la taquicardia paroxística supraventricular y la localización de la vía anómala.

To evaluate the preexcitation index in determinate the mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and localize accessory pathway, fifty nine patients with clinical and electrocardiographic supraventricular tachycardia were analyzed. There were thirty eight patients (64.4%) with orthodromic AV reentry using an accessory pathway for retrograde conduction and 21 patients (35.6%) with typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Preexcitation of the atrium during tachycardia by premature ventricular complex at a time when anterograde His bundle activation was present in 30 o 38 (79%) patients with AV reentry while only 8 of 21 (38%) patients with AV nodal reentry demonstrated preexcitation during tachycardia. There was no significant difference between left and right accessory pathways and in mean tachycardia cycle length between the two groups. However, atrioventricular reentry demonstrated atrial preexcitation during tachycardia more frequently than AV nodal reentry. In conclusion, our findings show that the preexcitation index is a useful method for determinate the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia and to localize accessory pathways.

[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with orthodromic supraventricular tachycardia associated with a "hyper-conductor" atrio-ventricular node. A therapeutic challenge]. / Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White con taquicardia supraventricular ortodrómica asociado a un nodo auriculo-ventricular "hiperconductor". Un reto terapéutico.

One case of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia related to orthodromic atrioventricular reentry using an accessory pathway for retrograde conduction an a rapidly conducting AV node for anterograde conduction is present. The pharmacological therapy with Digoxin, Propranolol, Quinidine, Disopyramide and Propafenone was not effective. An electrophysiologic study showed a reciprocating tachycardia induced by spontaneous ventricular beats. Both the effective refractory period of the AV node and the anterograde effective refractory period of the accessory pathway were minor or equal to 220 msec which made the control of the arrhythmia difficult. Amiodarone was able to suppress the premature ventricular beats, depress conduction and prolong refractoriness in both, the AV node and accessory pathway to prevent recurrences of atrioventricular reentry. In this patient a false positive test with ajmaline was documented. The electrophysiologic study showed the association of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome with an enhanced atrioventricular nodal-conduction and allowed the selection of an appropriate antiarrhythmic agent.